Bone Tissue

Much like the skin, bone tissue is made up of layers, like an onion.The solid, outermost layer of none tissue is termed compact bone.It is made up of cells called osteocytes.The innermost, center part of bone tissue is hollow and is called the marrow cavity.The tissue that lies between the outer compact bone and the inner marrow is called cancellous bone.

Plantar Flexion Of The Ankle

Plantar Flexion is the movement at the ankle joint that occurs when the toe is pointed.For instance, when the foot is stepping on an accelerator pedal in a car, the ankle is in a plantar flexion movement.Ballerinas and gymnasts frequently have their feet in a plantar flexion movement.

Range of Motion or Rom

There are two types of ROM.Active ROM is a motion you can do yourself just by telling yourself to do it.For instance,you know your favorite book is at the top of the stairs, so you decide to walk up them to get your book.For people with unrestricted ROM,this movement requires only the thought and initiative to move one foot in front of the other.

Passive ROM,on the other hand, occurs when someone or something else move a joint.For example, you can bend your wrist backwards by telling yourself to perform this active ROM.However, if you apply pressure to further hyperextend the wrist, you are performing a passive ROM that cannot be achieved without the added pressure of your other hand.

The interaction between synovial joints and muscles is what allows us to dance, play, work,and even bend over to pick up a penny! When ROM is restricted, people's lives are restricted.Helping to restore a person's ROM and therefore improve the quality of his or her life can be a big part of the satisfaction of being a personal fitness trainer.

Swimming and Water Exercise

Swimming and other water based aerobic activities provide excellent benefits for people who have joint problems or who have been injured doing some other activity.This is because the water buoyancy allows for free movement without the hindrance and extra stress of body weight.Swimming requires greater skill than some other sports, however,water exercise usually is performed while the body is upright in the water,requires relatively little skill, and can provide an excellent cardiovascular workout.

Mind Over Matter

Sports psychology is a growing field that studies the relationship between an athlete's psychological state and her physical performance.Many of the ideas that sports psychologists use also can be applied to the work of personal fitness trainers and nutritional specialists.Clients who are happy, feel positive toward their fitness plan,and can be open with their trainer are much more likely to achieve their fitness goals.Simply going through the motions of a wellness program is not nearly as effective as engaging both the mind and body in a healthy lifestyle.personal fitness trainers can teach their clients to view the mind as another body part that, when exercised daily, contributes greatly to their overall fitness success.

Using Fats, Carbohydrates, and Proteins

Aerobic activity burns primarily carbohydrates and fats to produce ATP.Except in long term starvation or extra long endurance activities, protein isn't metabolized significantly.You learned this in Lesson 6 .However, the human body is one efficient machine.It adjusts to take advantage of the available sources of energy.

High Blood Pressure

Often is called the silent killer because many people don't even know they have it.This disease claims many lives in the United States each year.Some factors that put one at risk for high blood pressure are not within a person's control.These include age,race,heredity,and gender .Risk factors that can be controlled include obesity, alcohol use, sodium intake,oral contraceptive use, stress, and physical inactivity.High blood pressure puts people at risk for heart attack, stroke,and kidney failure.Medication often is used to control high blood pressure, but people also can lower blood pressure through lifestyle adjustments, just as Robert did.